Saturday, December 28, 2019

Media and Body Image - 1118 Words

The media has become a powerful source for changes in our society. There are so many factors and reasons for our society changing. Today I find most people obsessively worried about their body image. We all have a body and at one time or another, we worry about it. Women and men are both being affected by media sources such as television, advertising, magazines, music, and video games; not to mention the photo manipulation that goes along with it all. Questions can be asked; such as, â€Å"Is this the way our society should be leaning [obsessing over our bodies]? What could happen from here? Are there any solutions?† I am watching our society change how people view their bodies. When I was younger, I do not remember body image even being a topic that was regularly discussed. Not to say that people weren’t going through this previously, but it is that it just wasn’t something that was talked about every day. But now, as I get older, I’m starting to see these topics in the news more often and they are starting to affect people around me; like my family, friends, coworkers, etc... A day hardly ever goes by without hearing something about body image in our society. It seems to be all around us today and there is little we can do to avoid it being around us. I don’t like seeing this affecting our society, because I see it changing us in a bad way. In gathering information on just how and why people worry about their body image, ideas on how to prevent this obsess on were alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Media And Body Image1453 Words   |  6 Pagesknow that the media and body image are closely related. Particularly, how the body image advertising portrays affects our own body image. Research documented adolescents as they are more at risk for developing unhealthy attitudes toward their bodies. They are at a time where they re focused on developing their individual identities, making them susceptible to social pressure and media images. A major reason many people have a negative body image is because of the impact that the media has had on ourRead MoreMedia and Body Image729 Words   |  3 PagesEver wonder why more and more teenagers are having issues with their body image? As society grows, more and more young adults are becoming self-conscious about their bodies and how they look. Girls and boys alike are taught, though not verbally how they should look, from celebrities they see on TV to toys they used to play with and magazines they read on a daily basis. Media make being satisfied with how your body looks extremely difficult and it is getting out of hand. More and more young adultsRead MoreThe Media Of Body Image2000 Words   |  8 PagesOnce upon a time, you probably liked your body and appreciated the many things it could do, but the route to adulthood, doubts and insecurities may have crept in. The images the media exposures the society to are of thin and beautiful women and extremely muscular men. There are negative affects to what the media is showing the body image and mood states of young women and men. The mass media is des igned to reach large audiences through the use of technology. From the moment nations wakes up untilRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Body Image1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthe concept of body image is influenced by external factors as culture, society norms, especially with the development of modern social media, it has grown up to be an important element in affecting the perception of body image to shape the body image. The influence of mass media may be related to the social comparison process of appearance in female and male. The ideal media body image, it is easy to compare in everyday life, and that will result to dissatisfaction with people s body size. On theRead MoreMedia Vs. Body Image1374 Words   |  6 Pages029 October 17, 2015 Media vs. the body Image Body image remains to be a very controversial topic in today’s society, because of how easy it is to become a hate crime over a small comment on how small or big someone’s body is. Today, it is unavoidable to see the look that it seems society wants us to look. Professor Susan Bordo writes the article, â€Å"Never Just Pictures†, describing her investigation between the media and its effects on how people view their bodies. She uses ethos, logos, andRead MoreMedia Impact On Body Image1254 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact of media models on children’s and adolescents’ body image? Over recent times, the media has become a prominent part in the upbringing of young people. In particular the manner by which the media portrays body image has changed in numerous ways. Body image is defined as â€Å"a person’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about his or her body† by Grogan (as cited in Zaccagni, Masotti, Donati Gualdi-Russo, 2014). There is a stronger focus of what is considered to be the perfect body type andRead MoreThe Media and Body Image Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesMass media is designed to reach large audiences with technology. Its purpose is meant to give us entertainment and information we need to act as a society. Media is everywhere; there is no escaping from it. Almost every home in America has at least one TV, the internet, and a cell phone. You cannot drive down the street without seeing billboard signs. Checking out at the grocery store can be tricky if trying to avoid magazines. There are more forms of media available today the n ever before; consequentlyRead MoreMedia Effects On Body Image Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesSpecific age groups and mostly women have been studied regarding media effects on body image. These studies did not test the external stimuli created by peer groups that have an impact on a person’s self-idealization. This study addressed individual age groups divided by gender in order to determine how much media effects body idealization and if gender peer group opinions impact self-idealization when viewing media models. Methods The methods used in this study incorporated individuals into groupsRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Body Image1484 Words   |  6 Pages Media has developed to become omnipresent in the day to day lives of the westernized societies. The media is considered a gigantic umbrella that houses a plethora of different outlets underneath it such as television, music videos, magazines, commercials, video games and social media. In this paper, the effects of media and various media types are examined to understand their potential outcomes. Focusing on how and if media affects body image in girls and women, the themes of dieting awarenessRead MoreMedia Effects Body Image1656 Words   |  7 PagesApril 6, 2014 The Effects of Mass Media on African American Women Body Images Over the past 10 years, mass media and the access to social networks has evolved substantially causing the effects of negative self-image and what is considered beautiful. Body image expectations for both African-American male and female share the battles of society’s expectations, yet African American women body images come with a stricter and more unhealthy stigma; growth of social media such as Facebook, Instagram and

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Effects Of Taking A Risk On My Life - 917 Words

Throughout life everyone takes a risk ranging from proposing to someone, joining a new club, driving the extra mile when you are on empty, or even just saying hello to someone you’ve never spoke to before. These actions all have very different outcomes that can change anyone’s life. In some situations, risks aren’t always good. The most important part of taking a risk is learning from it no matter what the outcome may be. These risks are what changed my life for the better; they allowed me to better myself, develop leadership skills, and mature as a person. At my young age my life has been full of risks, most of which took place in high school. Starting my Freshman year, I took a chance and joined my schools wrestling team. This sport taught me determination. The urge to be the best I could and to continue to better myself every day. I enjoyed this feeling to the extent that it encouraged me to also join the track team. Little did I know that would be the start to my sports career. This gave me the opportunity to create friends that will last a lifetime. Playing sports allowed me to become a better person overall. I grew up and learned to take responsibility, learned how to manage time more efficiently, and acquired the skill to learn in creative ways. My Sophomore year I took these skills and applied them to baseball, which paid off my Junior year. I became the Co-Captain and won the Coaches award for my team. Sports played a major role in my growing up stage of life, theShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer At Age 451336 Words   |  6 Page sMy mother, Bonita, was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 45. She first discovered the lump herself and proceeded to take it to a professional to get it checked out. There is no evidence in her immediate family to say that this is hereditary, but a combination of a few factors increased her risk of getting breast cancer. My mother was overweight, has had an early menstruation (before age 12), lived a sedentary lifestyle, and at the time she didn’t have a well-balanced diet. Along with those factorsRead MorePersonal Narrative Losing Weight Essay704 Words   |  3 PagesI have read many articles and have heard what my doctor has told me. I lost over forty pounds about three years ago, unfortunately, I gained it back two fold when I was pregnant with my daughter. I still have not been able to get rid of this weight since she was born. Sometimes it causes me to get tired just from going to the grocery store. I also found out in September of last year that I have hypertens ion (high blood pressure) which effected my vision drastically by the following November.Read MoreAre Prozac And Similar Antidepressants Safe And Effective For Children And Adolescents?1728 Words   |  7 Pagesdisorder. The youth of our society are being treated with anti depressants such as prozac; which, carry a â€Å"black box warning.† The FDA has required that boxed warnings be placed on all antidepressant medications warning they may result in increased risk of suicidal tendencies in children, and young adults aged 18-24 years old. The black box warning is the highest warning that can labeled on any medication. It means there has been significant research completed to show a legitimate concern for theRead MorePersonal Narrative: My Friends Steriod Use Essays1259 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Narrative: My Friends Steriod Use The media has done an excellent job of creating the ideal body type, with a bombardment of images of what we should look like. However the odds of the average person being able to fit this model are very slim indeed. Since 1997 I have been a member of a health facility where I have worked and worked trying to mold myself into that ideal type. It seems that the closer I get the farther away I am from my goal One day one of my close friends and workRead MoreEfficacy Of Lisinopril1126 Words   |  5 PagesHuman health and theIR quality of life have been improving in the past 100 due to changes in medicine and in public health (Mattes et al., 2013). Patients are placed on multiple medications at the same time and it important to understand their safety, efficacy, drug interaction, and toxicity (Mattes et al., 2013). As Mr. Cynthia Nurse practitioner, my job is to understand what affect her prescribing medication is having on her body. I have place Mrs. Cynthia on Lisinopril for her hypertension andRead MoreAbortion - the Wrong of Abortion 1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthe baby would suffer by being killed; the mother and father have a special responsibility to the child; it follows that intentional abortion (even in few cases where the baby’s death is an unintended but foreseen side effect) is unjust † (24). I am personally in between pro-life and pro-choice. On the one hand, I agree with their argument in that the mother and the father are responsible for their baby and that abortion should not be a choice. However, I disagree with the part where they say thatRead MoreTeenage Suicide Is A Big Problem940 Words   |  4 PagesWhat started as a missing person, ended in tragedy. At the beginning of my freshman year at Hanover High, a student named John Smith*,(he was a year older than me) was missing. I knew who he was because his mom used to work with me in the learning center at Marion Cross, the elementary school in Norwich. He went missing sometime in October. Weeks went by, then months and then finally they found him. When they found him it was early March so the snow had melted and he was hanging from a tree in hisRead MoreThe Effects Of Prozac And Its Effects On The Brain972 Words   |  4 Pagestalk about medication and the different side effects, it makes you wonder why someone would risk their own health just for a medication. Although the drug I will be researching shows limited side effects and is something that many physician would recommend to their own patients. My reasons for choosing Prozac, is to learn more about the drug and how it helps individuals whom have depression. Another reasons for this, is to learn more about the side effects and how it can be a positive outlook for someoneRead MorePostive Effects on an Online Course1002 Words   |  5 PagesPositive Effects of an Online Course Attending school full time and having a full time job very much effects the time I have throughout my day to day life, therefore I must make the most wise decisions in order to make the hours in my day efficient . When I was first introduced to an online course, I knew this would be a great opportunity to balance my priorities and in turn, allow my schedule to run much smoother from such a hectic schedule. There are many positive effects that come along withRead MoreEssay on Personal Statement962 Words   |  4 Pagesearly in life have an enormous impact on our future. I have always known that I wanted to directly impact people’s lives. My personal experiences have had a large impact on my motivation to accomplish all my dreams. In the future, I would love to influence another generation of students to soar for their dreams. Throughout school, I suffered from test anxiety. Taking standardized tests always stressed me out and I would perform much lower than my grades suggested I was capable. Because of my low SAT

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Analysis of the Advertising Industry in 2015 Sample for Students

Question: Carry out Five Forces Analysis of the Advertising Industry in 2015. Answer: Porters Analysis Threats of new entry The agencies that operate on a full-time basis has more demand in the market.The use of internet is very high in the current market. Researchers have proved that a person spends around 13 hours surfing in the internet.Hiring employees that are skilled and can work efficiently is low with respect to digital advertising. Bargaining power of suppliers Plenty of suppliers are present, but some have influential power for which they charge high pricesBidding on a real-time basis will increase the demand on the portals Bargaining power of buyers They are the clients of the agencies The agencies can change the campaign patterns according to the clients Clients try to maintain long-term relations with the agencies Threats of substitutes Substitution is high for example print media, Radio and TV Advertising through radio increased in 2015 Rivalry by existing competitors The traditional agencies are shifting towards digital advertising Some agencies are well-known because of innovative campaigns (McAlister et al. 2016) The strengths that be seen from the analysis are that there are low threats regarding the new entries in the advertising industry. The bargaining power of the suppliers is very high, but of that of the buyer is medium. However, it can increase in the coming years because of new entrants in the industry. The attractiveness in the advertising industry is physical in nature mainly. The advertising agencies have understood that beauty sells in the modern world, which has led them to endorse their brands through celebrity, famous spokespersons and various models (Rosengren and Bondesson 2014). References McAlister, L., Srinivasan, R., Jindal, N. and Cannella, A.A., 2016. Advertising effectiveness: The moderating effect of firm strategy.Journal of Marketing Research,53(2), pp.207-224. Rosengren, S. and Bondesson, N., 2014. Consumer advertising as a signal of employer attractiveness.International Journal of Advertising,33(2), pp.253-269.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Disaster Recovery Planning Identification of Threats

Question: Describe about the Disaster Recovery Planning for Identification of Threats. Answer: Disaster Recovery Planning Disaster recovery planning together with Business continuity planning plays a key role in ensuring the continuity of the business. Through the identification of threats before they occur and working towards the solution before they shadow a negative impact on the organization. These plans act as a source of information and provide a guide to the identification of a viable tool to be used just at the right time in case of a disaster. The construction of the plan must be maintained, tested and even audited to ensure that it remains appropriate to the organization's needs. These plans are calculated to incorporate all the issues and risks along with tools to help in the creation, maintenance and auditing of the plan itself (Fallara, 2003) Contingency Plan This involves seven steps process of the development and the maintenance of the plan. These steps are (Myers, 1993); Identification of any particular regulatory requirements which is related to the contingency planning. This involves the development of formal statement outlining the contingency planning policy that gives the stakeholders the power and guidance necessary to develop any form of contingency plan. Conducting the business impact analysis to determine and prioritize the important business processes, critical systems, and components. Identification and the implementation of the preventive control measures to minimize the effects of the disruption, reduce costs of contingency and increase availability. Development of a strategic recovery plan to ensure that the critical systems, infrastructure and business processes have the capability of being recovered. Development of contingency plans in which the details pertaining procedures and guidance to recovery are formulated following a disruption. Initiate the testing, training and exercises of the plan to reinforce and validate and test the contingency plans in an attempt to identify gaps and to prepared the responsible personnel on the unforeseen occurrences. Maintenance of the contingency plans as documents with regular updates made to them to reflect any possible changes made on it. Develop clear and precise directions on how to handle serious downtime Downtime occurrences are inevitable. The process of designing the company's system to be in a position to handle failure is a crucial part of ensuring the survival of the business to most problems. This process involves; a) Planning In the case of a critical alert which has resulted in chaos and panic, a big blow can be received by the company. However, planning in advance ensures order in case something goes wrong. Always be ready to deal with alerts. The organization should be in a position to handle on-call rotations, escalation of issues to members of the team, plans put in place for reachability. Page duty and considerations on factors such as availability, illness, looping and internet connectivity should be put in place. b) Using checklist to deal with downtime The company should develop a system in which a defined process is put in place ready to deal with any form of alert. The use of checklist eliminates unnecessary thinking to give room to focus on the real problem and to ensure that appropriate measures are put in use. A proper communication channel should be put in place both externally and internally. c) Provision of a detailed postmortem This aims at winning back trust. The following of the above steps during a downtime provide useful information so that the customers know exactly what is going on. Writing up and explaining to them what went wrong and why and what measures have been put in place to prevent such a similar occurrence helps win trust. Formulate prevention and recovery strategy and develop recovery plan It comprises of the following; a) Risk assessment This is the initial assessing of the risk and the attempts made to prevent its occurrences. It consists of the following subdivisions (Comont et al. 2006). Identification of the risk; this is the process in which a request I made to staff to come up with and outline potential risks. Analyzing the risk; this involves the process of evaluation done to the risks identified above. Treating the risk; this stage involves taking appropriate measures to deal with or solve a potential risk. b) Planning and recovery The process of planning for a disaster prevention involves formulating plans that were put in place during the risk assessment process these plans should incorporate the procedure to identify and report a disaster, the steps to follow by the recovery team, the tasks of the recovery team, procedure for updating and testing the plans and the provision of training and awareness to the staff members (Alexander, 2005). Disaster Recovery Plan Based On Gtc Disaster recovery plans help the company to be restored to its original status before the disaster occurred. Special focus to be put on the valuable asset such as the information flow and infrastructural facilities compared to others which are meant for leisure. The following steps are to be followed in a disaster recovery plan (Sandhu, 2002). The establishment of a program aimed at the restoration of both the site of the disaster and the affected materials to a stable condition. Determination of the priorities for the restoration of work and seeking the best option and methods and obtain the cost estimate. Development of a phased program aimed at the conservation in the case where large quantities are involved. Getting rid of items which are beyond recovery and replacing them with new ones A contact to the insurers should be made Cleaning and rehabilitating the disaster area should be done Analyze the disaster and make impartments on the plans after the experience Different type of resources in creating and implementing a dr plan. a) The human resource; The human resource Is termed as a key factor in disaster management. This involves a committee that should come up with all the possible forms of disaster in an organization. They should the come up with a viable solution to all form of disaster they have laid down. They are also the ones responsible for formulating the procedures to be followed while dealing with the disaster. The human resource is also responsible for dealing with the disaster head on. By following the specific procedures laid down, the carry out activities to face and deal with the disaster (Vuong, 2015) b) Hardware resource This involves all the physical and tangible components that can be incorporated into disaster control procedure. Say in case of fire; a fire extinguisher is a hardware resource used to put out the fire c) Software resource This involves all forms of soft copy procedures and programs used to deal with a disaster. For example, the use of computers to shut down industrial plants in the case of fire outbreak is an effective way of disaster control. Cut-over criteria before initiating disaster plan. The owner who is the shareholder are the ones to access the cutoff criteria in their organization. They will need to access damages caused by the disaster to determine the following; Is there any potential for further damages? What were the critical areas in the organization that was affected by the disaster? What is the current status of the physical infrastructure in the organization? How bad is the damage to the organizations assets? What items can be reused and which ones require replacement What is the estimated time for the organization to be up and running? References Alexander, D. (2005). Towards the development of a standard in emergency planning. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 14(2), 158-175. Comont, L., Laggoun-Dfarge, F., Disnar, J. R. (2006). Evolution of organic matter indicators in response to major environmental changes: The case of a formerly cut-over peat bog (Le Russey, Jura Mountains, France). Organic Geochemistry, 37(12), 1736-1751. Fallara, P. (2003). Disaster recovery planning. IEEE Potentials, 22(5), 42-44. Myers, K. N. (1993). Total Contingency Planning for Diasters: Managing Risk... Minimizing Loss... Ensuring Business Continuity. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Sandhu, R. J. (2002). Disaster recovery planning. Premier Press. Vuong, J. (2015, October). Disaster recovery planning. In Proceedings of the 2015 Information Security Curriculum Development Conference (p. 16). ACM.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Sony Playstation Vs Nintendo 64 Essays - Business,

Sony Playstation Vs Nintendo 64 Sony Playstation vs Nintendo 64 Essay written by Unknown In the last two years of 1995 and 1996, the video game world was taken into another gaming dimension. The releases of the Sony Playstation in September of 1995 and the Nintendo 64 in September of 1996 has given the gaming public an enormous boost of technological advances in the home entertainment system for the common man. Sony and Nintendo soon became heated rivals as each company tries to out sell each other in the gaming marketplace. Eventhough the Sony Playstation and Nintendo 64 are two different systems. They both have some similar qualities and some very notable differences. First of all the most notable difference between the Sony Playstation and Nintendo 64 is the processing power. Most noteworthy is the fact that the Nintendo 64 is a 64-bit machine, while the Sony Playstation is only a 32-bit system. This means the Nintendo 64 can produce better graphics in a game, while the Sony Playstation's graphics aren't as good. The colors in the Nintendo 64's games are more vibrant, while the Playstation's colors seem to be more dull. Another difference is in the price of each of the systems. The Nintendo 64 is a bit more pricey at $199.99 than the Sony Playstation at $149.99. The games for each of the system also plays at vital role in the gaming marketplace. Both of these systems has some advantages when it comes to games. The Sony Playstation is the favorite in this category, with over 170 games with many 3rd party developers in its extensive library of games. Obviously the Nintendo 64 has less games in its library, due to the fact that the Nintendo was released a year later. The Playstation specializes in the sports genre with many different sporting titles. Sports games such as Madden football '98, NHL'98, NBA Live '98, and PGA Tour Golf '98. The Nintendo 64 specializes in the action/adventure genre with various different titles. With action/adventure games such as Turok: the dinosaur hunter, Super Mario 64, Goldeneye, and Super Mario Cart 64. The prices of the games for the Nintendo system are very expensive compared to the Sony. A Nintendo game can range in price from $59.99 to $69.99 and a Sony game can cost between $39.99 and $49.99. Another difference between the Nintendo 64 and the Sony Playstation is the media in which the games are stored. The Nintendo uses cartridges to store its games while Sony's machine is CD-ROM based. The Nintendo provides superior access times (which means you don't have to wait as long as a game loads, etc.). However, Sony's CD-ROM is far less expensive to produce (a CD-ROM game is usually about $20 less than a cartridge game), offers much greater storage capacity (allowing games to be more in depth and to contain more game data), and the CD-ROM provides CD-quality audio during gameplay. The Nintendo 64 can produce high-quality audio, but it isn't as good as CD-quality audio, and it uses more processing power. In conclusion, the Nintendo 64 and Sony Playstation have some similar qualities and some very different qualities. The video game industry has been becoming more advanced every single year. The consumer in the electronic marketplace has been given many choices by the recent releases by Sony and Nintendo. The choice can be a difficult one because of the differences in both of the gaming systems. The purchase can be determined through a comparison of Sony and Nintendo 64. A consumer can see the differences in graphics, price, the processing power, and the type of games the game system specializes in. English Essays

Sunday, November 24, 2019

History of Pension Abuses

History of Pension Abuses Introduction In traditional times, the welfare of the elderly was taken care of by the tightly knit family set up in which they lived. However, the structure of the community has largely changed and this traditional set up seldom exists. This combined with the fact that we are living in a time where the average life-span has significantly lengthened therefore leading to the presence of a significant aged population has resulted in the need for an apparatus to guarantee the welfare of the elderly. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Pension Abuses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pension schemes present such a platform since they create a means through which the elderly who suffer diminishing power can acquire some form of economic and social security (Blackburn 4). Consequently, the issue of pension benefit remains on the foreground of many governments’ policies as increased benefits of securi ty in retirements is sought after. However, the issue of pension abuse threatens the very foundation of the pension institute. Considering the significant role that pensions play in the lives of the elderly, it is important that these abusive practices be contained. This paper shall set out to provide an informative discussion on the history of pension abuses in our country. The manners in which these detrimental practices can be prevented will also be explored. History of Pensions Pension funds are in essence an agreement by a sponsor to provide income to participants upon their retirements therefore guaranteeing their well being after they are out of the work industry (Blackburn 5). While the earnings made in the pension scheme are significantly less than those made while in employment, they ensure that the retired person can live comfortably without working. Jeszeck documents that over 50% of the private sector workforce participate in some form of pension scheme (6). As a resu lt of this, the pension industry has gained such prominence in modern life that those who manage pension products have become big players in the financial world. Pension funds are vulnerable to fraud and corruption mostly because of a flawed enforcement policy that results in abuse by those who are responsible for the funds (Ferguson and Blackwell 92). As of 1950, the government implemented the Pension Plans Disclosure Act which was meant to ensure that pension plans disclosed more financial information to the Labor Department and to the plan participants (Howard 124). In recognition that employers had too much power over the pension funds, congress in the 1970s sought ways to reduce this. The formation of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation which was responsible for regulations governing vesting and funding standards was set up. This body required the reporting and disclosure of pension plans by the employers.Advertising Looking for research paper on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 resulted in the Department of Labor being charged with the task of administering and enforcing fiduciary requirements, an act which resulted in the fragmentation of the pension interests therefore ensuring that no one body could exploit the pension funds. Defined benefit pension plans must meet the requirements set by the Internal Revenue Code, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the Pension Protection Act (PPA) (Sipe, Metrejean and Donaldson, 177). The most recent act, the PPA is particularly significant since it obligates companies to ensure that their pension schemes are fully funded and if not, penalties are imposed on the said companies. Pension Abuse The American system allows companies to manage their employee’s pension funds in whichever way they deem appropriate. While it is assumed that the organization will ha ve the employee’s best interest at heart, this is not always the case and there are instances whereby the company uses the pension funds in ways that are beneficial to the company but detrimental to the employees. Perhaps the best example of such behavior is the Enron scandal in which the company utilized money from employee pension funds to inflate its share capital (Blackburn 202). When the Enron scandal was made public, the share prices of the company plummeted and as such, employee pension plans could no longer be paid. Pension funds are often invested in company shares which makes them open to falling prey of corporate greed and indulgence which has resulted in the collapse of many companies in America. Many U.S. corporations are notorious for their extravagant top executive compensation schemes. The motivation for this is to align the interests of executives with those of the shareholders therefore resulted in huge profits for the company through rising share valuatio ns. This set up often results in executives looking for ways to boost share prices so that they can benefit themselves. This short-term boost might have a negative effect on the long-tern health of the company which constitutes fraudulent behavior (Blackburn 202). The cost of this share price manipulation by executives will affect the employees who have invested their pensions of the same company.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Pension Abuses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another danger that pension schemes suffer from is pension buyouts by financial entities. Purcell, Orszag and Net reveal that buyouts create new risks that could adversely affect the welfare of the workers (137). In addition to this, such buyouts results in the creation of a third-party sponsor who does not have an incentive to manage the plan in the interest of the employees. This is as opposed to a pension scheme that is sponsored by the company which will have an incentive to properly manage the plan so as to maintain a good working relationship with the employees. Prevention of Abuses Blackburn asserts that while a good pension scheme can help reinforce a healthy and sustainable economy, a bad one results in economic dangers and social dis-tempers (4). Pension fraud results in a bad pension scheme and therefore threatens the economy and social harmony. It is therefore of uttermost importance for means to be sought through which pension fraud can be prevented altogether or mitigated at the very least. Stewart reveals that most workers are highly exposed to risks such as insolvency by the plan sponsors. Owing to the significance of pension funds to the lives of the people who make the investments, it is of great importance to ensure that the said funds to no fail. One of the manners through which this can be ensured is through Pension Benefit Guarantee Schemes (PBGS). Stewart articulates that PBG Ss are insurance type arrangements which â€Å"take on outstanding obligations which cannot be met by the insolvent plan sponsors (2). Such safeguards are especially vital in a volatile market where the health of a company may not be guaranteed. The PBGS in recent years bailed out over 4000 failed pension plans therefore ensuring that the employees who had been investing in the fund were not affected by the plans failures (Sipe, Metrejean and Donaldson, 186).Advertising Looking for research paper on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another proposed solution for ensuring that pension abuse does not occur is by imposing of strict rules that ensure that the pensions are at all times funded. Stewart reveals that in Dutch where such a system has been adopted, all pension funds are required to have a certain minimal percentage of funds at all times (9). While it has been demonstrated that having a 100% funded pension may not be feasible as a result of deterioration of investment returns and other unexpected outcomes, the higher the percentage of minimal funding the lower the risks of a the pension fund collapsing. The U.S. also has such a policy in place through the PPA which not only dictates that pension is fully funded but it also increases the disclosure requirements for employers funding private pension funds. Conclusion Given today’s economic realities, it is important to ensure that the pension funds are safeguarded from fraud. This paper set out to give a brief history of pension funds, the abuses t hat can be perpetrated against the funds and possible preventions. From this paper, it is evident that pensions continue to be vulnerable as a result of fraudulent behavior by the funds managers as well as little policing efforts to ensure that the funds are kept in the right order. This paper has outlined the various methods which can be used to perpetrate abuses of pensions. All this methods result in the employees losing a significant or even all of their pension. However, proactive steps have been taken so as to ensure the prevention and detection of pension fraud. These methods such as the PBGS and the PPA is properly implemented will result in the safeguarding of pensions from fraudulent persons. This will not only ensure the protection of the future welfare of the employees but it will also have a positive impact on the country’s economy. Blackburn, Robin. Banking on death: or, investing in life: the history and future of pensions. Verso, 2003. Print. Ferguson, Kare n and Blackwell, Kate. The pension book: what you need to know to prepare for retirement. Arcade publishing, 1996. Print. Jeszeck, Charles. Retirement income: challenges for ensuring income throughout retirement. Diane Publishing, 2010. Print. Sipe, Stephanie. Metrejean, Cheryl and Donaldson, William. â€Å"Defined Benefit Pension Fraud: A ticking time bomb.† Journal of Forensic Investigative Accounting Vol. 2, Issue 2. Stewart, F. Benefit Security Pension Fund Guarantee Schemes. OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 5, OECD Publishing. Purcell, Patrick and Orszag, Peter. Underfunded pensions, pension dumping and retirement security. The Capitol Net Inc, 2009. Print.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Transfer pricing case Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Transfer pricing case - Coursework Example The company’s management decided to expand its product line and consequently many new and innovative products were developed. As a result a broad array of cell phone products developed among which the Energy Saving System or ESS was most significant. The company’s growth enabled it to reach the broader markets including international markets and diversification. In 2003, the company’s management decided to diversify internationally into Asia-Pacific markets which were expected to experience the highest growth retain cell phone usage in near future. The management team at Prime Co. decided to discuss the possibility of expanding into international markets. They decided to enter the Asian-Pacific market as it was expected to experience the highest growth in cell phone usage in near future. Some of the strategies that were being considered by the Prime Co’s management team include exporting, licensing, contract manufacturing, strategic alliances, or starting a wholly owned subsidiary. Exports mean to transfer goods and services outside domestic borders. Exports can be favorable when the domestic market’s demand has stabilized and there is huge demand in the developing countries for the target products. The benefits of exports can be reduced by the foreign government by introducing trade and tariffs which act as barrier for importing foreign goods in developing countries. The foreign governments generally adapt such policy to protect the domestic markets from foreign competition. In these kinds of situations the company does not have direct control. Licensing is the granting of permission by licensor to the licensee as an authorization for carrying out activities by the licensee and also use the licensed material of licensor. The biggest advantage of licensing is that it involves less cost of investment on R&D with limited financial risk. So, if the product fails in foreign country